Q1. Define the following:
(a) Demography     (b) Census      (c) Human Resource      (d) Birth Rate      (e) Death Rate      

(f) Annual Growth Rate     (g) Sex Ratio      (h) Density of Population      (i) Migration
Ans:
(a) Demography: The study of population is known as Demography.

(b) Census: The official collection of population data by all means is known as Census. This is conducted once in ten years. Currently, we are following 2011 census.

(c) Human Resource: Human Resource or people are the greatest asset to a nation. Human beings use their knowledge and skill to convert natural resource into more valuable goods.

(d) Birth Rate: The number of live births per 1000 persons is called birth rate.

(e) Death Rate: The number of deaths per 1000 persons is called death rate.

(f) Annual Growth Rate: The difference between the birth rate and the death rate in a year is called the annual growth rate.

(g) Sex Ratio: The ratio between males and females is known as the sex ratio. It is represented as total number of females per 1000 males. According to 2011 census, sex ration in India is 943 females per 1000 males.

(h) Density of Population: The number of people living in a unit area of the earth's surface is known as density of population. It is normally expressed as per square km.

(i) Migrations: The movement of people in and out of an area is known as migration. Emigrants are people who leave a country; Immigrants are those who arrive in a country.

Q2. What do you mean by the age-sex pyramid?
Ans: Age-sex pyramid also known as the Population Pyramid is a graphical representation of the age, sex composition of the population.

Q3. List out the factors responsible for the rapid growth of world population.
Ans: Factors responsible for the rapid growth of world population are:
(a) Geographical Factors: Relief, Climate, Natural Resources, Soil, Water, Minerals.
(b) Social Factors.
(c) Cultural Factors.
(d) Economic Factors.

Q4. Define age composition.
Ans: The structure of population is known as the Composition of Population. It tells us about the number of people in each age group. The population of any country is broadly divided into three types:
(a) Children: 0 – 14 Years.
(b) Adults: 15 – 59 Years.
(c) Aged: 60 Years and above.

Q5. Write a note on distribution of population.
Ans: Population is unevenly distributed throughout the world. More than 90% of the world population lives in the continents of the Northern Hemisphere, where as only 10% of the population resides in the continents of the Southern Hemisphere.
The number of people living in one sq. km area is known as the density of population and it varies from place to place. As per the density of population, the entire world can be divided into three areas:

(a) Thickly Populated Areas: The fertile river valleys and the industrial regions are thickly or densely populated areas. E.g. Northern plain of India, Western Europe, East-central North America, etc.
(b) Moderately Populated Areas: Areas where new industries have been setup and facilities of irrigation and mining are moderately populated areas. E.g. Deccan plateau of India, Central China, Parts of South America, etc.
(c) Sparsely Populated Areas: Areas with extremely hot or cold climatic conditions, mountainous areas are sparsely populated areas. E.g. Tundra regions in North, Amazon basins, Sahara deserts, etc.

Q6. How would you distinguish between productive and dependent population?
Ans:

 

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