Short Answer Questions

Q1. Explain the terms manufacturing and industry with examples.
Ans: Manufacturing: Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw material to more valuable products is called "Manufacturing". For e.g. Cotton into cloth, Sugarcane into sugar, etc.
Industry: Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods, extraction of minerals or the provision of services. For e.g. Textile (Manufacturing), Mining (Extraction of minerals) and Tourism (Service Provider).

Q2. What is the industrial system? Explain the different aspects of industrial system with examples?
Ans: The functioning of an industry depends on a system, known as the industrial system. An industrial system consists of inputs, process and outputs.

For e.g. Cotton Textile Industry:
Input: Cotton as raw materials, labour, costs of land, transport, power and other infrastructure.
Process: Ginning, Spinning, Weaving, Dyeing, Printing, etc.
Output: Cloth or garments wear.

Q3. What are the inputs, processes and outputs of the iron and steel industry?
Ans: Following are the inputs, processes and outputs of the iron and steel industry:
Inputs: Iron ore, Coal, Limestone, Manganese, Labour, Capital, Cite and other Infrastructure.
Process: Converting iron ore into steel involves many stages. The raw material is put in the blast furnace where it undergoes smelting and then it is refined.
Output: Iron and Steel is obtained which is used by other industries as raw material.

 

Long Answer Questions

Q4. Classify industries on the basis of raw material used, their size and ownership with examples.
Ans: Industries are broadly classification into three types (i.e. On the basis of Raw Materials, On the basis of Size and On the basis of Ownership).
1. On the basis of Raw Materials: These types of industries are classified depending on the type of raw materials they use.
(a) Agro Based Industries: Use plant and animal based products as their raw materials. E.g. Food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products, etc.
(b) Mineral Based Industries: Primary industries that use mineral ores as their raw materials. The products of these industries feed other industries. Iron made from iron ore is the product of mineral based industry. E.g. Iron & Steel, Cement, Machine, Tools, etc.
(c) Pastoral Based Industries: Use raw material's from animals like, Sheep, goat, etc. These industries use skin, bones, flesh, etc. E.g. Dairy product industries, Leather industries, etc.
(d) Marine Based Industries: Use products from the sea and oceans as raw materials. E.g. processed sea food, fish oil manufacturers, etc.
(e) Forest Based Industries: Use forest produce as raw materials. E.g. pulp & paper, furniture. Pharmaceuticals, etc.

2. On the basis of Size: These types of industries are classified depending on the amount of capital invested, number of people employed and the volume of production.
(a) Large Scale Industries: In India, on an industry, if the capital invested is more than 1 crore, then it is called Large Scale Industry. E.g. Iron & Steel Industries, Automobile Industries, etc.
(b) Small Scale Industries: In India, on an industry, if the capital invested is less than 1 crore, then it is called Small Scale Industry. E.g. Silk weaving, Food processing industries, etc.
(c) Cottage or Household Industries: These are a type of small scale industry where the products are manufactured by hand, by the artisans with the help of family members. E.g. Basket weaving, pottery, handicrafts, etc.

3. On the basis of Ownership: These types of industries are classified on the basis of ownership.
(a) Private Sector Industries: Owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals. E.g. Bajaj Auto, Reliance, etc.
(b) Public Sector Industries: Owned and operated by the government. E.g. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bharat Heavy Electronics Ltd. (BHEL), SAIL, etc.
(c) Joint Sector Industries: Owned and operated by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. E.g. Indian Oil, Maruti Udyog Ltd., etc.
(d) Co-operative Sector Industries: Owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. E.g. IFFCO, Anand Milk Union Limited (AMUL) and Sudha Dairy, etc.
(e) Multinational Corporations: Setup in collaboration with foreign investors. Owned and managed by members of two or more countries. E.g. Coca Cola, Maruti Udyog Ltd., etc.

Q5. Explain the factors which influence the location of industries.
Ans: Factors that influence the location of any industry are:
(a) Physical Factors: Land, Water, Raw Material, etc.
(b) Human Factors: Capital, Power, Labour, Government Policies, Market, Technology, Transportation, Communication, etc.

Q6. Describe the growth and development of the cotton textile industry in India.
Ans: India has a glorious tradition of producing excellent quality cotton textiles. Before the British rule, Indian hand spun and hand woven cloth already had a wide market.
The Muslins of Dhaka, Chintzes of Masulipatnam, Calicos of Calicut and Gold-wrought cotton of Burhanpur, Surat and Vadodara were known worldwide for their quality and design. But the production of hand woven cotton textile was expensive and time consuming. Hence, traditional cotton textile industry could not face the competition from the new textile mills of the West, which produced cheap and good quality fabrics through mechanized industrial units.
The first successful mechanized textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854, followed by Ahmedabad in 1859.
The warm, moist climate, a port for importing machinery, availability of raw material and skilled labour resulted in rapid expansion of the industry in the region.
Initially this industry flourished in the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat because of favourable humid climate. Today, Coimbatore, Kanpur, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Kolkata, Ludhiana, Pondicherry and Panipat are some of the other important centres.

Q7. Write a short note on the information technology industry.
Ans. The information technology industry deals in the storage, processing and distribution of information through Radio, Television, Telephones, Cellular Phones, Computers, Laptops, etc.
Today, IT industry has become global and has become the fastest growing service industry in the world. IT industry is an emerging industry. Also, known as the Sunrise Industry.
Availability of resources, skilled workers, cost and infrastructure are the main factors responsible for the location of an IT industry.
The major hubs of the IT industry are the Silicon Valley and Bangaluru in India.

 

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