Q1.  Define Manufacturing.
Q2.  Define Industry.
Q3.  Mention importance of manufacturing.
Q4.  What are the different physical and human factors responsible for the industrial location?
Q5.  What is "Agglomeration Economics"?
Q6.  Draw a flow chart to define classification of industries.
Q7.  Define classification of industries on the basis of capital investment.
Q8.  Give examples (two each) of classification of industries on the basis of ownership.
Q9.  Why Maharashtra and Gujarat emerged as the hub of cotton textile industries in India?
Q10. What are the different problems faced by cotton textile industries in India?
Q11. India exports cotton goods to which all countries?
Q12. In which location jute is majorly produced?
Q13. Which country is the largest producer of jute in the world?
Q14. When the National Jute Policy was formulated?
Q15. Major sugar industries are spread across which all states?
Q16. Name the major public sector and private sector iron and steel industries in India.
Q17. What are the different challenges for Sugar industry?
Q18. Why most of the iron and steel industries are in the Chota-Nagpur plateau region?
Q19. Which city is known as the electronic capital of India?
Q20. Name the major centers of automobile industry.
Q21. Name the major manufacturers of cars, commercial vehicles and two & three-wheelers in India.
Q22. Name the important centers of Information Technology and Electronics Industry in India.
Q23. What different Preventing measures can be taken to protect the environmental degradation done by the Industries in India?
Q24. Map Work:
(A) Cotton Textile Industries: Mumbai, Indore, Ahmedabad, Surat, Kanpur, Coimbatore and Madurai

(B) Iron and Steel Plants: Burnpur, Durgapur, Bokaro, Jamshedpur, Raurkela, Bhilai, Vijaynagar, Bhadravati, Vishakhapatnam and Salem

(C) Software Technology Parks: Mohali, Noida, Jaipur, Gandhinagar, Indore, Mumbai, Pune, Kolkata, Bhubaneshwar, Vishakhapatnam, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Mysore, Chennai and Thiruvanantapuram

 

-----x-----X-----x-----

CHAPTER 1 - RESOURCE AND DEVELOPMENT

Very Short Answer Questions: 7 x 1 = 07
Q1. What is a Fallow Land?
Q2. What is Sub Soil?
Q3. Define Marginal Land.
Q4. Which term is used to identify the old and new alluvial respectively?
Q5. How much percentage of forest area should be there in the country according to the National Forest Policy?
Q6. Which type of soil develops due to high temperature and evaporation?
Q7. What is Leaching?

Short Answer Questions: 6 x 3 = 18
Q8. What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in hilly areas?
Q9. When and why was the Rio-de-Janeiro Earth Summit held?
Q10. "Net Sown Area varies from place to place". Why?
Q11. Distinguish between potential resources and stock with the help of examples.
Q12. Write any three problems associated with the indiscriminate use of resources by the human beings.
Q13. Distinguish between resources on the basis of Exhaustibility of Resources.

Large Answer Questions: 5 x 5 = 25
Q14. Explain land use pattern in India and why the land under forest has not increased much since 1960-61.
Q15. How have technological and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
Q16. What are the steps involved in the complex process of resource planning? Why is resource planning important in the context of a country like India?
Q17. What does the term "Land Degradation" mean? Which human activities have contributed significantly in land degradation? Suggest measures to solve the problem of land degradation.
Q18. Define any five major characteristics of "Arid Soil".

 

CHAPTER 3 - WATER RESOURCE

Very Short Answer Questions: 7 x 1 = 07
Q1. Which river is known as "River of Sorrow"?
Q2. In the eleventh century which was the largest artificial lake built?
Q3. Name the king (Sultan) who built the tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi for supplying water to Siri Fort area.
Q4. What is the major source of freshwater in India?
Q5. On which river Koyna Dam is built?
Q6. What is the rank of India in the world in term of availability of water per person per annum?
Q7. Globally, how much amount of precipitation is received by India?

Short Answer Questions: 6 x 3 = 18
Q8. What are the objectives of rainwater harvesting? State any three.
Q9. What are the ill-effects of irrigation? How is it responsible for transforming social landscape?
Q10. Why is conservation and management of water resources important? Give any three reasons.
Q11. Mention three major sources if irrigation in India. Which source of irrigation is most popular in southern India and why?
Q12. Highlight any three key features of the Narmada Bachao Andolan.
Q13. State any three examples (other than roof top rainwater harvesting) of traditional water harvesting system prevalent in various parts of India.

Large Answer Questions: 5 x 5 = 25
Q14. Multipurpose river projects are referred as the "Temples of modern India". Elucidate.
Q15. What is water scarcity? Give any four reasons to specify why there is scarcity of water across the globe?
Q16. What are interstate water disputes? Why are such issues raised? Give any three examples of interstate water disputes.
Q17. In the recent years, multipurpose river dam projects and large dams have come under great scrutiny and opposition. Explain.
Q18. Usage of tankas is very common in Rajasthan. Mention some of the features of these 'tankas' built in the houses of Bikaner and Phalodi.

 

CHAPTER 4 – AGRICULTURE

Very Short Answer Questions: 7 x 1 = 07
Q1. What is Bhoodan – Gramdan movement?
Q2. Name any two beverage crops produced in India.
Q3. Mention different names by which slash and burn type of farming is known in India along with the name of the states.
Q4. In the states like Assam, Odisha and West Bengal, three crops of paddy are grown, name the crops.
Q5. Name the major maize producing states in India.
Q6. Which type of crop is known as "Leguminous Crop"?
Q7. In the first five year plan the main focus was on what?

Short Answer Questions: 6 x 3 = 18
Q8. Mention the factors which have influenced the change in the methods of cultivation.
Q9. What are coarse grains? Describe their characteristics.
Q10. Describe the geographical conditions, and major sugarcane producing states of India.
Q11. Distinguish between Rabi and Kharif season.
Q12. Mention any three geographical conditions required for the growth of Wheat in India.
Q13. Distinguish between subsistence farming and commercial farming.

Large Answer Questions: 5 x 5 = 25
Q14. What is plantation agriculture? Write its four characteristics.
Q15. Name any two fiber crops produced in India. Describe any two geographical conditions required for the growth of each crop.
Q16. Explain the challenges faced by Indian agriculture.
Q17.Mention important technological and institutional reforms introduced in India after independence in the 1960s and 1970s.
Q18. What is Horticulture? Name the fruits grown in India. Mention the name of states also.

 

MAP WORK (OUTLINE POLITICAL MAP OF INDIA)

Chapter 1: Resources and Development
Identification only: Major Soil Types.

Chapter 3: Water Resources
Dams Locating and Labeling:
(a) Salal
(b) Bhakra Nangal
(c) Tehri
(d) Rana Pratap Sagar
(e) Sardar Sarovar
(f) Hirakud
(g) Nagarjuna Sagar
(h) Tungabhadra. (Along with rivers)

Chapter 4: Agriculture
Identification only
(a) Major areas of Rice and Wheat.
(b) Largest / Major producer states of Sugarcane; Tea; Coffee; Rubber; Cotton and Jute.

 

-----x-----X-----x-----

Q1. Define Resources.

Q2. Define resources classified on the basis of Exhaustibility.

Q3. Define National and International resources.

Q4. Define Stock and Reserve.

Q5. Define Sustainable Development.

Q6. Write a short note on Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992.

Q7. What is Agenda 21.

Q8. What is resource planning?

Q9. What are the three main points of the resource planning in India?

Q10. "Land is one of the most important natural resources". Justify the statement.

Q11. India comprises of many types of land forms, explain.

Q12. Write a short note on land utilization in India.

Q13. According to National Forest Policy (1952), what percentage of forest cover is essential to maintain ecological balance?

Q14. Write the various reasons for the degradation of land.

Q15. What different measures can be taken to control land degradation?

Q16. Highlight few points indicating Land Use Pattern in India:

Q17. "In India, different states have different reasons for the degradation of land" Justify the statement.

Q18. What different measures can be taken to control land degradation?

Q19. Define Soil.

Q20. Draw a diagram to show the soil profile.

Q21. What are the different factors responsible for the formation of Soil?

Q22. Name the major types of soils found in India.

Q23. Write a short note of Alluvial Soil.

Q24. What is Soil erosion?

Q25. What are the different factors responsible for the soil erosion?

Q26. Mention some of the methods used for conservation of soil.

 

 

-----x-----X-----x-----

CHAPTER 1 - RESOURCE AND DEVELOPMENT

Very Short Answer Questions: 7 x 1 = 07
Q1. In which two states deforestation due to mining has caused land degradation?
Q2. In which type of energy is the state of Rajasthan rich in?
Q3. What is the mountain share in the total land area of India?
Q4. When was the concept of sustainable development discussed for the first time?
Q5. What is a bad land?
Q6. Which term is used to identify the old and new alluvial respectively?
Q7. What are Pastures?

Short Answer Questions: 6 x 3 = 18
Q8. What type of soil is found in the river deltas of eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
Q9. How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
Q10. How can we transform materials available in the environment?
Q11. What is Agenda 21 and write are its objectives?
Q12. What is soil erosion? Describe two types of soil erosion.
Q13. Distinguish between resources on the basis of Ownership.

Large Answer Questions: 5 x 5 = 25
Q14. Explain land use pattern in India and why the land under forest has not increased much since 1980-90.
Q15. Land is utilized for various purposes, explain.
Q16. Explain the factors responsible for the formation of soil.
Q17. Explain any five measures of soil conservation.
Q18. Using examples show the classification of resources with the help of a diagram.

 

CHAPTER 3 - WATER RESOURCE

Very Short Answer Questions: 7 x 1 = 07
Q1. What are Inundation channels?
Q2. What is Dam? Give example.
Q3. How much of the surface of the Earth is covered with water? What is the percentage of non-saline in it?
Q4. According to a Swedish expert when scarcity of water occurs?
Q5. How does afforestation in the catchment areas of rivers help?
Q6. What is rain water harvesting?
Q7. Name the region of India which suffers from water scarcity even it is very near to the highest rainfall region of the world?

Short Answer Questions: 6 x 3 = 18
Q8. Explain hoe water becomes a renewable resource?
Q9. Mention three major sources of irrigation in India? Which source of irrigation is most popular in southern states and why?
Q10. "Scarcity of water may be due to bad quality of water." comment.
Q11. Why interstate conflicts over water are becoming common in the modern world?
Q12. What were the different methods of traditional rain-water harvesting?
Q13. How does increasing number of industries exert pressure on existing fresh water resources?

Large Answer Questions: 5 x 5 = 25
Q14. Explain multipurpose river dam projects? Give an account of any four hydraulic structures of ancient India.
Q15. What are tankas? What is its significance?
Q16. What are the ill effects of irrigation? How is it responsible for transforming social landscape?
Q17. Mention any five advantages of multipurpose river dam projects.
Q18. "Need of the hour is to conserve and manage our water resources." Mention any three reasons. Suggest any two ways to conserve water.

 

CHAPTER 4 – AGRICULTURE

Very Short Answer Questions: 7 x 1 = 07
Q1. What is the other name of Operation Flood?
Q2. Name any two agro based industries.
Q3. India is the largest producer as well as the consumer of the world in.
Q4. What is the other name of package technology?
Q5. On what physical factors does shifting agriculture depend?
Q6. Which crop is used as both food and fodder?
Q7. Name some of the major oilseeds produced in India.

Short Answer Questions: 6 x 3 = 18
Q8. Mention any three characteristics of Primitive subsistence farming.
Q9. Highlight any six reasons why an Indian farmer does not want his son to become a farmer.
Q10. Describe the cropping patterns prevalent in India.
Q11. "Green Revolution has made India self-reliant in the production of food grain." List the characteristics of Green Revolution.
Q12. Mention the factors which have influenced the change in the methods of cultivation.
Q13. Describe the geographical conditions required for Rubber plantation.

Large Answer Questions: 5 x 5 = 25
Q14. Define agriculture? Describe any four features of Indian agriculture.
Q15. Describe the features of Tea and Coffee plantation in India.
Q16. Mention any five geographical conditions required for the growth of rice in India.
Q17.Mention important technological and institutional reforms introduced in India after independence in the 1980s and 1990s.
Q18. Describe any five features of the Bloodless Revolution.

 

-----x-----X-----x-----

Q1. What is Palar Pani"?
Ans: In the arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, rainwater is considered as the purest form of natural water, this rain water is commonly known as Palar Pani.

Q2. Explain how water becomes a renewable resource.
Ans: Three-fourth of the earth's surface is covered with water, but only a small proportion of it is freshwater that can be used. This freshwater is mainly obtained from surface run off and ground water that is continually being renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycle or the water cycle. In this cycle majorly three processes that takes place, i.e. Evaporation, condensation and precipitation. The process of water cycle is never ending thus making water a renewable resource.

Q3. Mention some of the facts and figures about water.
Ans: Following are some of the facts and figures about water
(a) Out of total volume of water on earth; 97.5% exists in oceans and seas.
(b) About 2.5% of total water is available as freshwater.
(c) 70% of total freshwater is present as frozen ice in icebergs and glaciers.
(d) A little less than 30% of total freshwater is stored as groundwater.
(e) India receives about 4% of global precipitation.
(f) India ranks 133rd in the world in terms of water availability per person per annum.
(g) The total renewable water resources in India are estimated at 1,897 sq km per annum.
(h) It is predicted that large parts of India will join regions with absolute water scarcity; by 2025.

Q4. Explain the following:
(a) Bamboo Drip Irrigation System
(b) Guls & Kuls
(c) Khadins & Johads
Ans:
(a) Bamboo Drip Irrigation System: Bamboo drip irrigation system is a 200 year old system of tapping stream and spring water by using bamboo pipe. Bamboo drip irrigation system is practiced in Meghalaya.

(b) Guls & Kuls: In Western Himalayas people build diversion channels like 'Guls' or 'Kuls' for the agricultural purpose.

(c) Khadins & Johads: In the arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rain fed storage structures that allowed the water to sand and moisten the soil, these water storage structures are known as Khadins in Jaisalmer (Rajasthan) and Johads in other parts of Rajasthan.

Q5. What is water scarcity and what are its main causes?
Ans: Scarcity of water means shortage of water or in other words if the demand of water is much more than the supply of water; it leads to Scarcity of water. Some of the causes for water scarcity are:
(a) Overpopulation.
(b) Urbanization.
(c) Industrialization.
(d) Increase in agricultural production.
(e) Over-exploitation and mismanagement of water.
(f) Water Pollution.
(g) Variation in the seasonal and annual precipitation.

Q6. What are the main purposes of constructing multipurpose river dam projects?
Ans: Following are some of the main purposes of multipurpose river dam projects:
(a) Generating Hydroelectricity.
(b) Flood Control.
(c) Development of Pisciculture.
(d) Water for agricultural use: Irrigation.
(e) Water for domestic usage.
(f) Water for Industrial usage.
(g) Soil conservation.
(h) Development of tourism.

Q7. What is the need for water conservation? Suggest some of the measures to conserve water resources.
Ans: Water is one of the most important natural resource; following are some of the reasons why water conservation is must:
(a) Water resource is limited.
(b) Water is unevenly distributed.
(c) Population is growing rapidly, so is the demand of water.
(d) Agriculture depends on water.
(e) Water plays a very vital role in the industrial sector.

Some of the measures to be taken for the conservation of water:
(a) Educating the people to avoid the over usage and wastage of water.
(b) Rain water harvesting.
(c) Constructing more water storage reservoirs.
(d) Linking of rivers, so that the water can be transferred from one to another.
(e) Interstate water disputes must be resolved.
(f) Government should take serious steps to check water mafia's.

Q8.Usage of tankas is very common in the state of Rajasthan. Mention some of the features of these 'tankas' built in the houses of Bikaner and Phalodi.
Ans:
(a) The tankas could be as large as a big room; household in Phalodi had a tank that was 6.1 meters deep, 4.27 meters long and 2.44 meters wide.
(b) The tankas were part of the well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system and were built inside the main house or the courtyard.
(c) They were connected to the roofs of the houses through pipes.
(d) Rain water from the rooftops travel down the pipes and finally is stored in these underground tankas.
(e) The first spell of rain is usually not collected as this cleans the roofs and the pipes. The rainwater from the subsequent showers is then collected in the tankas.
(f) The collected water is then used whenever there is water shortage.

Q9. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects.
Ans:

Q10. On the map of India locate dam's alongwith the rivers.
(A) Salal
(B) Bhakra Nangal
(C) Tehri
(D) Rana Pratap Sagar
(E) Sardar Sarovar
(F) Hirakud
(G) Nagarjuna Sagar
(H) Tungabhadra.

Ans: Refer the map given in the book and locate.

 

 

-----x-----X-----x-----