Distinguish between the following

Q1. Metallic and non-metallic minerals.
Ans:

Q2. Conventional and non-conventional power resources.
Ans:

 

Short Answer Questions

Q3. What are the main characteristics of minerals?
Ans: The three main characteristics of minerals are:
(a) Minerals are present in impure form and it takes millions of year to form these minerals.
(b) Minerals are unevenly distributed throughout the world.
(c) Minerals are non-renewable 'exhaustible' resources.

Q4. How did minerals influence the history of human civilization?
Ans: Minerals have played an important role in the history of human civilization. Thus, various stages of human development have been named after different minerals, such as: Stone Age, Copper Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Steel Age, etc. During the last almost 200 years, humans have made a great progress in the discovery, extraction and utilization of minerals. Growth of minerals shows the growth of human life.

Q5. Why is petroleum called 'black gold'?
Ans: Petroleum is called as the black gold because it is the prime source of energy and has got great economic importance. Petroleum provides us with variety of products like Petrol, Diesel, Kerosene, Wax, Plastic and other lubrication. It acts as raw material in synthetic textiles, fertilizers, chemical industries, etc.

Q6. How can we conserve minerals and power minerals?
Ans: Population growth, urbanization and industrialization have increased the consumption of minerals and power minerals to a greatest extent in the 21st century and there is a serious need for the conservation of minerals. Following are the different ways of conserving minerals:
(a) We can make use of energy efficient equipments.
(b) Looking for alternative sources of energy.
(c) Recycling of minerals.
(d) Optimum utilization of minerals.
(e) Improvement in the techniques of extraction and purification of minerals.

 

Long Answer Questions

Q7. Explain the methods of mineral extraction.
Ans: Minerals can be extracted by Mining, Drilling and Quarrying.
(a) Mining: The process of taking out minerals from rocks buried under the earth's surface is called mining, Drilling and Quarrying.
     (i) Open Cast Mining: Minerals that lie at shallow depths are taken out by removing the surface layer is known as "Open Cast Mining".
     (ii) Shaft Mining: Deep bores, called shafts, have to be made to reach mineral deposits that lie at great depth; this is known as "Shaft Mining".
(b) Drilling: Petroleum and natural gas occur far below the earth's surface. Deep wells are bored to take them out; this is called "Drilling".
(c) Quarrying: Minerals that lie near the earth's surface are simply dug out by the process known as "Quarrying".

Q8. What is a mineral? Discuss different types of minerals on the basis of their composition in details.
Ans: A naturally occurring substance that has a definite chemical composition is known as a mineral.
Minerals are broadly classified into three types: Metallic, Non-Metallic and Power Minerals.
(a) Metallic Minerals: Most of the metallic minerals are found in old plateaus which mainly contains igneous and metamorphic rocks. E.g. Iron, Nickel, Platinum, etc. Metallic minerals are further classified into: Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Minerals.
     (i) Ferrous Minerals: These minerals contain iron, for e.g. iron, nickel, etc.
     (ii) Non-Ferrous Minerals: These minerals do not contain iron, for e.g. gold, silver, etc.
(b) Non-Metallic Minerals: These minerals are found in the young fold mountains, which mainly consist of sedimentary rocks. E.g. Limestone, Sandstone, Marble, etc.
(c) Power Minerals: Power or energy minerals play a vital role in our lives. We also need power for industry, agriculture, transport, communication and defense. Power resources may be broadly categorized as conventional and non-conventional resources.
     (i) Conventional Resources: These resources have been used for a very long time. For e.g. Firewood, cattle dung cake, coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc.
     (ii) Non-Conventional Resources: These resources are called new sources of energy. For e.g. Solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas, etc.

Q9. Discuss non-conventional power sources.
Ans: The increasing use of conventional sources of energy has lead to many environmental disorders like pollution which leads to global warming. The fuel reserves are getting exhausted. Therefore, there is need for using non-conventional sources such as solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, biogas, etc. which are renewable, eco friendly and available in abundance. Non- conventional sources of energy are recently developed sources of energy, Initial cost of generation is high but they are cheaper in the long run. In short, non-conventional source of energy is an alternate to the conventional sources of energy which is not harming our environment.

Q10. Write a short note on "Energy needs of the future".
Ans: Energy in the modern world plays a very important role. Today, we cannot imagine life without energy, almost in every sector there is huge demand for energy. Population is growing day-by-day and grows the industrial sector to fulfill the demands of the people. We have been using the conventional sources of energy all these years but unfortunately this has lead to environmental pollution and many health problems. With the increase in technology, human beings have learnt to use the non-conventional sources of energy like solar, wind, etc. Although, in the initial stages usage of non-conventional sources of is very expensive but in the longer run it can prove to be very beneficial. These sources of energy are present everywhere and do not cause any pollution. In simple words, demand for energy will keep on increasing with the passage of time and we as human beings should act intelligently and innovatively to finds out new sources of energy to fulfill the demands of future generations.

 

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Write three examples of each of the following

Q1. Trees found in equatorial forest.
Ans: Trees found in equatorial forest are Rosewood, Ebony, and Mahogany.

Q2. Trees found in taiga forest.
Ans: Trees found in taiga forest are Douglas-Fir, Larch and Redwood.

Q3. Animals found in Africa.
Ans: Animals found in Africa are Elephants, Zebras and Camels.

Q4. Animals found in Europe.
Ans: Animals found in Europe are Polar Bears, Minks and Sables.

 

Short Answer Questions

Q5. What are the main characteristics of coniferous forest?
Ans: Following are the main characteristics of coniferous forest:
• Limited species of trees are found. These trees are evergreen and grow apart from each other.
• Trees are conical shaped with needle shaped leaves and trees are found in large groups.
• Chir, pine, cedar are the important variety of trees in these forests. Lumbering is the common activity. Soft wood is used for manufacturing paper.
• Fur-bearing animals like Silver fox, mink, and polar bear are the common animals found here.

Q6. Distinguish between tropical and temperate grasslands.
Ans:

Q7. Explain the effects of clearance and destruction of natural vegetation.
Ans: The clearance and destruction of natural vegetation has led to major environmental issues. Following are its effects:
(a) Global warming.
(b) Decrease in rainfall.
(c) Soil erosion on a very large scale.
(d) Decrease in underground water.
(e) Decrease in wildlife, as their habitats are destroyed.
(f) Decrease in tribal population, as their habitats are destroyed. Etc.

Q8. What are the role of CITES in saving the flora and fauna?
Ans: CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in products of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.

 

Long Answer Questions

Q9. Define – natural vegetation, Wildlife, Ecosystem, Taiga and Deforestation.
Ans:
(a) Natural Vegetation: Natural vegetation refers to a plant community which has grown naturally without human aid and has been left undisturbed by humans for a long time.
(b) Wildlife: Animals living in their natural habitat and not within the possession or control of humans.
(c) Ecosystem: Interrelation between plants and animals in the natural environment is called Ecosystem.
(d) Taiga: coniferous forests are also called "Taiga Forest". This forest belt extends from 50^oN and 70^oN latitudes. Trees found here are conical shaped with needle shaped leaves.
(e) Deforestation: Deforestation is the cutting down of trees on a large scale from an area with no intention of replanting the trees. Deforestation is one of the main cause of environmental disorder.

Q10. Describe the natural vegetation in hot and cold deserts.
Ans:
(a) Hot Deserts: Natural vegetations found in hot deserts have thick & spongy stems, long roots, wax coated leaves, thorns, etc. Cactus, thorny bushes and coarse grass are main type of vegetation found here. At some places palm trees can be found surrounding the Oasis.

(b) Cold Deserts: In these deserts trees are not found; as trees don't grow below 10° C. Very less vegetation is found. Mosses, Lichens and some shrubs grow here. At some places meadows (short grass cover ground) can also be found.

Q11. Name the typical wildlife found in each continent.
Ans: Some of the typical wildlife found in continents are:
(a) Africa: Elephants, crocodiles, zebras, leopards, camels and ostriches.
(b) Antarctica: Penguins, snow petrels, seals and albatrosses.
(c) Asia: Monkeys, sloths, lynxes and minks.
(d) Australia: Kangaroos, koalas and kookaburras.
(e) Europe: Polar bears, minks, sables and ermines.
(f) North America: Reindeer, arctic foxes, bisons and beavers.
(g) South America: Rheas, condors, anteaters, llamas and anacondas.

Q12. What are the initiatives taken to conserve natural vegetation and wildlife?
Ans: Following are few steps that have been taken to conserve forest and wildlife:
(a) National Forest Policy framed by the government should be implemented.
(b) National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Bioreserves, Botanical Gardens have been setup.
(c) Special Projects (E.g. Project Tiger, Project Elephant, etc.).
(d) Celebration of Van Mahotsav.
(e) Every National festival is followed by tree plantation ceremony.
(f) Large scale afforestation or planting of tress is undertaken.
(g) Controlling of deforestation and overgrazing.
(h) Practices like shifting agriculture have been stopped.
(i) Social Awareness Programmes to be implemented.
(j) Wildlife Protection Act 1972.

 

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Short Answer Questions

Q1. What is land use? List the factors which control the utilization of land.
Ans1: Land is utilized by human beings for various purposes, for e.g. agriculture, settlement, mining, setting up of industries, etc. such utilization of land is known as Land Use.
Factors affecting the land use pattern of an area are:
(a) Physical Factors: Climate, Topography, Water availability, Soil, Minerals, etc.
(b) Human Factors: Population Density, Need & Desire of People, Development of Technology, etc.
(c) Economic Factors: Cost of living, Occupation, Financial conditions, etc

Q2. What are soil horizons? Explain the various soil horizons present in a soil profile.
Ans2: Vertical section of the soil from the surface to the Bed rock is known as Soil profile. The soil profile is horizontally divided into four different horizons or layers known as Soil Horizons (as shown in the diagram). Top Soil, Sub Soil, Weathered Rock and Bed Rock or Parent Rock.

(a) Top Soil: It is the uppermost layer. Rich in humus and minerals. Consists of Sand, Silt & Clay. Leaching of soil is common in this layer.
(b) Sub Soil: It lies below the top soil and supports moisture. Consists of some amount of weathered rock, Silt & Clay and some nutrients. Minerals found here is more than Horizon A.
(c) Weathered Rock: Consists of large amount of weathered rock. These rocks are not affected by biological processes.

(d) Bed Rock: Last layer of the soil horizon. Consists of solid layer of unweathered Rock.

Q3. Discuss the agricultural practices that can be adopted for soil conservation.
Ans3: Some of agricultural practices that can be adopted for soil conservation are: Mulching, Contour Ploughing, Terrace Cultivation, Strip Cropping, Shelter Belts, Rock Dam, Contour Barriers, Crop Rotation, etc.

Q4. What are the factors responsible for the shortage of freshwater?
Ans4: Due to overpopulation, industrialization and urbanization, the consumption of water has increased manifold. Increased agricultural production to meet the growing needs of the population, modern lifestyle of the people and greater use of electricity in industries has resulted in water scarcity in many parts of the world. Above all the pollution of water bodies is due to irresponsible and reckless attitude of mankind. This has reduced the availability of fresh water for human consumption.

 

Long Answer Questions

Q5. How can we conserve land resources?
Ans5: Land is a very important resource to the man kind but day-by-day our land is getting degraded. Some of the measures that can be used or practiced to conserve our land resource are:
(a) Adopting to the scientific techniques.
(b) Land Reclamation.
(c) Regulated use of chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides.
(d) Afforestation.
(e) Check on Overgrazing.
(f) Control of Mining Activities.
(g) Proper irrigation facilities.
(h) Constructing retention walls in the mountain areas to stop landslides.

Q6. Write a short note on the soils of India.
Ans6: Soils are of various types depending on their colour, texture, mineral content, fertility level, etc. Different types of soils found in India are:
(a) Alluvial Soil:
• It is the most important and most fertile type of soil found in India.
• Soil is formed by the deposition of sediments brought down by the rivers.
• The alluvial soil is found mostly in the Northern Plains and Coastal Plains of India.

(b) Black Soil:
• The black soil is also called the Black Cotton Soil or Black Lava Soil.
• Cotton grows best in this soil.
• Black soil is formed from the weathering of the igneous rocks.
• The black soil is mostly found in the Deccan Trap, covering large areas of Maharashtra, Gujarat and western Madhya Pradesh.

(c) Red Soil:
• Red soil is derived from the weathering of the igneous and metamorphic rocks.
• The red colour is due to the high percentage of iron contents.
• Red soil is found in the southern and eastern parts of the peninsular plateau.

(d) Laterite Soil:
• The laterite soil is formed when heavy rains wash the fertile upper part of the soil.
• This soil is less fertile.
• Soil is mainly found on the summits of the Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, etc.

(e) Mountain Soil:
• The mountain soil is generally found on the hill slopes covered with forests.
• This type of soil is found in the Himalayan region, the Western and Eastern Ghats and in some parts of the Peninsular India.
• This soil is especially suitable for producing plantation crops, such as tea, coffee.

(f) Desert Soil:
• The desert soil is found mostly in the arid and semi-arid regions.
• This type of soil is found in Rajasthan, parts of Haryana, Gujarat, etc.
• The desert soil is mainly composed of sand.

Q7. Discuss any four methods of soil conservation.
Ans 7: Some methods of soil conservation are:
(a) Mulching – Bare ground between plants is covered with a layer of organic matter like straw. It helps to retail soil moisture.
(b) Contour Ploughing – Ploughing along contours can decrease the flow of water down the slopes.
(c) Terrace Cultivation – Steps can be cut out on the slopes making terraces.
(d) Strip Cropping – Strips of grass are grown between the crops. This breaks the force of wind.
(e) Shelter Belts – Rows of trees are planted to create shelter. Thus, the speed of wind is reduced.
(f) Rock Dam – Rocks are piled to slow the speed of wind.
(g) Contour Barriers – Stones, grass and soil are used to make barriers. Trenches are made in front of the barriers to collect water.
(h) Afforestation, Crop Rotation, Control over Deforestation and Overgrazing, etc.

Q8. Explain the different methods to conserve water resource.
Ans 8: Some of the important ways to conserve water are:
(a) Decrease of water pollution
(b) Proper irrigation method: Sprinklers and Drip irrigation can be used.
(c) Water Harvesting Method
(d) Water conservation in the home:
     • Check faucets and pipes for leaks.
     • Check your toilets for leaks.
     • Use your water meter to check for hidden water leaks.
     • Install water-saving shower heads and low-flow faucet aerators.
     • Put plastic bottles or float booster in your toilet tank.
     • Insulate your water pipes.
     • Take shorter showers.
     • Turn off the water after you wet your toothbrush.
     • Use your dishwasher and clothes washer for only full loads.
     • When washing dishes by hand, don't leave the water running for rinsing.

 

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Distinguish between the following:

Q1. Natural and Human Made Resource.
Ans:

 

Q2. Biotic and Abiotic Resource.
Ans:

 

Q3. Potential and Developed Resource.
Ans:

 

Q4. Ubiquitous and Localized Resource.
Ans:

 

Short Answer Questions

Q5. What are the factors that determine the utility of any natural resource?
Ans: Following are the factors that determine the utility of any natural resource:
(a) The form in which the resource occurs.
(b) The place where the resource occurs.
(c) The efforts needed to process the resource.
(d) The cost of processing the resource.

Q6. Human beings are an important resources. Justify the statement.
Ans. Human resource consists of people. Human resource and its proper development are of great importance. The creative mind of humans and the desire to satisfy their need helped them to produce different products and services that we see, feel and observe in our day-to-day life. For example: iron ore was used to build tools, machines, etc.
People with healthy mind and body have great potential to produce anything that they desire. People can make the best use of nature to create more resources when they have the knowledge, skill and the technology to do so. That is why human beings are a special resource and they are the most valuable resource of the present time.

Q7. Define - conservation of resources and sustainable development.
Ans: (a) Conservation of Resources: Using resources carefully, judicially and giving them time to get renewed is called resource conservation.

(b) Sustainable Development: Balancing the need to use resources and also conserve them for the future is called sustainable development.

 

Long Answer Questions

Q8. Classify resources with examples.
Ans: Following is the classification of resources:

Q9. Distinguish between Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources.
Ans:

 

Q10. Why is the conservation of resources essential?
Ans: Using resources carefully, judicially and giving them time to get renewed is called resource conservation. It is very necessary to use the resources very carefully as they are part of our life support system. With the rapid growth of population, urbanization and industrialization there has been an increased demand and consumption of resources. This has led to the overexploitation and depletion of resources. To prevent misuse, overexploitation and depletion, the conservation of resources is necessary and it's the need of the hour. Incase if we don't conserve these resources than in our near future we will not be left be left with these resources which will make the survival of the human beings very difficult.

 

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Differentiate between the following:

Q1. Natural and Human Made Resource.
Ans:

 

Q2. Actual and Potential Resource.
Ans:

 

Q3. Renewable and Non-Renewable Resource.
Ans:

 

Short Answer Questions

Q4. Define ubiquitous and localized resources.
Ans:
(a) Ubiquitous Resource: Resources which are found everywhere are called ubiquitous resource. E.g. air, land, water, etc.
(b) Localised Resource: Resources which are found only in certain places are localised resources, like coal, petrol, iron, etc.

Q5. What do you understand by sustainable development?
Ans: Balancing the need to use resources and also conserve them for the future is called sustainable development.
Development of the resources should be done without damaging the environment and the needs of present generation should not be compromised with those of the future generations, this is known as sustainable development.

Some Principles of Sustainable Development:
1. Respect and care for all forms of life.
2. Improve the quality of human life.
3. Conserve the earth's vitality and diversity.
4. Minimise the depletion of natural resources.
5. Change personal attitude and practices toward the environment.
6. Enable communities to care for their own environment.

Q6. What are Abiotic Resources? Give examples.
Ans: Resources which are found from the physical or non-living environment. Thus, all non-living things are known as Abiotic Resources, such as Wind, Water, Air, Rocks, Metals, etc.

 

Long Answer Questions

Q7. Hoe does the human beings use the natural resources?
Ans: Resources that are drawn from Nature and used without much modification are called natural resources. The air we breathe, the water in our rivers and lakes, the soils, minerals are all natural resources. Many of these resources are free gifts of nature and can be used directly. In some cases tools and technology may be needed to use a natural resource in the best possible way. For e.g. we get petrol, diesel, etc. from the crude petroleum after refining. Thus, we can say that most of the natural resources provide us with raw materials and we have to process them into useful products that are fit for human consumption.
With this we come on to the conclusion that human beings use natural resources directly or indirectly through out their life and as a whole we cannot imagine life without natural resources.

Q8. Human beings are the most valuable resources of the world. Explain.
Ans. Human resource consists of people. Human resource and its proper development are of great importance. The creative mind of humans and the desire to satisfy their need helped them to produce different products and services that we see, feel and observe in our day-to-day life. For example: iron ore was used to build tools, machines, etc.
People with healthy mind and body have great potential to produce anything that they desire. People can make the best use of nature to create more resources when they have the knowledge, skill and the technology to do so. That is why human beings are a special resource and they are the most valuable resource of the present time.

Q9. What do you understand by conservation of resources? Why is it essential for us?
Ans. Using resources carefully, judicially and giving them time to get renewed is called resource conservation. It is very necessary to use the resources very carefully as they are part of our life support system. With the rapid growth of population, urbanization and industrialization there has been an increased demand and consumption of resources. This has led to the overexploitation and depletion of resources. To prevent misuse, overexploitation and depletion, the conservation of resources is necessary and it's the need of the hour. Incase if we don't conserve these resources than in our near future we will not be left be left with these resources which will make the survival of the human beings very difficult.

Q10. Classify and explain resources on the basis of origin.
Ans. On the basis of the origin of resources, the resources are classified into two types: i.e. Biotic & Abiotic.
(a) Biotic Resource: All living things are known as Biotic Resources. These resources are obtained from the Biosphere and they have life. For e.g. Human Beings, Flora, Fauna, fisheries, etc.
(b) Abiotic Resource: All non-living things are known as Abiotic Resources. Resources which are found from the physical or non-living environment. For e.g. Wind, Water, Air, Rocks, Metals, etc.

 

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Important term to remember:

The earth has an environment that sustains different forms of life.

1.     Resource: Anything that can be used to satisfy human needs is a resource. OR   All the objects in the environment, which are useful to man and have a value, are called "Resources".

2.    Utility: A thing becomes a resource when its utility has been identified. For e.g. Existence of "OIL" on Earth – millions of years, but it became a resource only when man learnt how to use it.

3.     Value: Value means worth. The use of a resource depends on its value.

(a)     Economic Value:  Some resources can be bought or sold, or can be used to make things that can be bought or sold. For e.g. Minerals.

(b)     Aesthetic Value:  We enjoy the beauty of mountains, waterfalls, sea, landscapes. Thus, they are resources which have "Aesthetic Value".

(c)     Legal Value:  Resources like, Air, Water, Land, etc.. Are essential part of life, thus, it become our responsibility to protect them from pollution. These are "Legal Values" of the resources.

(d)    Ethical Value:  "Ethical Values" of the resources indicates us that we should protect our flora and fauna from intensive cutting of trees and killing of wildlife.

NATURAL RESOURCES

Resources that we find in nature and are used without much modification are called "Natural Resources". For e.g.  Air, Water, Soil, Sunlight, Minerals, Flora & Fauna, etc. All these are free gifts of nature and can be used directly.

 

Classification of  Natural Resources

1. On the basis of Origin of Resources:

(a)     Biotic                  (b)        Abiotic

(a)     Biotic Resource: All living things are known as Biotic Resources. These resources are obtained from the Biosphere and they have life, such as – Human Beings, Flora, Fauna, fisheries, etc.

(b)     Abiotic Resource: All non-living things are known as Abiotic Resources, such as Wind, Water, Air, Rocks, Metals, etc.

 

2.  On the basis of Exhaustibility or Utility of Resources:

(a)     Renewable                     (b)        Non-Renewable

(a)     Renewable Resource: Resources which can be renewed or reproduced are known as Renewable Resource. E.g. Solar & Wind energy, Water, etc. Resources like Wind, Sunlight, are present in such huge quantities that human consumption does not effect them.

Many resources are replenishable which means these resources are recycled within the environment by natural process and their quantities remain constant. E.g. Oxygen Cycle and Water Cycle take place rapidly, whereas e.g. like Rock Cycle is very slow.

(b)    Non-Renewable Resource: Resources get exhausted when used. These resources cannot be renewed or reproduced. Fossil Fuels like, coal, petroleum, natural gas are the best examples of non-renewable resource. These resources are limited in supply and it takes millions of years in their formation.

Metals like Gold, Silver, Copper and Iron are recyclable.

 

3. On the basis of Stage of Development of Resources:

(a) Actual Resource                (b) Potential Resource                        (c) Reserves                 (d) Stock

(a)     Actual Resource - Resources whose existence has been proved and whose quality, quantity and location has been determined for utilization with the available technology. E.g. Assam oil fields, Damodar coal fields, etc.

(b)    Potential Resource – Resources which are found in a region but have not been utilized, might be because of the lack of technology. They can be used in future. E.g. Solar and Wind are potential resource. Rajasthan and Gujarat have great potential for the development of these two resources.

• Largest Solar Plant in India  -  Madhapur, Bhuj (Kutch, Gujarat)
• Largest Wind farm cluster in India – Nagercoil (Tamil Nadu)

(c)     Reserves – Resources which can be put into use with the help of the existing technology but their use has not been started. They can be used in future. E.g. more rivers can be used for generating electricity.

(d)    Stocks – Reserves which have the potential to satisfy the human needs but we don't have the technology to access it.

 

4. On the basis of Distribution of Resources:

(a) Ubiquitous             (b) Localised

(a)     Ubiquitous Resource:  Resources which are found everywhere are called ubiquitous resource. E.g. air, land, water, etc.

(b)     Localised Resource:  Resources which are found only in certain places are localised resources, like coal, petrol, iron, etc.

 

5. On the basis of Ownership of Resources:

(a)         Individual          (b) Community         (c) National             (d) International

(a)     Individual Resource:  Resources which are owned by an individual. E.g. plot, car, house, etc.

(b)     Community Resource:  Resources which belongs to a community of people. E.g. parks, community halls, picnic spots, etc.

(c)     National Resource:  Resources which belongs to a nation. These resources are found within the political boundaries and territorial waters of a country. E.g. rivers, forests, minerals, etc.

(d)     International Resource:  Resources which are found beyond the territorial boundaries of a country. These resources are managed by the international institutes. No single country can use these resources without the permission of the international authorities. E.g. Minerals, fisheries, etc.

 

HUMAN RESOURCES

• Human Resources refer to the number and ability of the people. E.g. knowledge, health, skill, etc.
• People can make the best use of nature to create more resources when they have the knowledge, skill and the technology to do so. That is why human beings are a special resource.
• People are human resources.
• Education and health help in making people a valuable resource.
• Improving the quality of people's skills so that they are able to create more resources is known as human resource development.

 

HUMAN MADE RESOURCES

• Resources created by human beings are called Man-Made Resources. E.g. Buildings, Roads, etc.
• Sometimes, natural substances become resources only when their original form has been changed. Iron ore was not a resource until people learnt to extract iron from it.
• People use natural resources to make buildings, bridges, roads, machinery and vehicles, which are known as human made resources.
• Technology is also a human made resource.

 

 

Resource Conservation:

Using resources carefully and giving them time to get renewed is called resource conservation.

 

Ways to conserve natural resources: -

•  Preventing wastage.

•   Saving every drop of water.
•   Planting trees (aforestation).
•   Using alternative fuels to reduce pollution, e.g. CNG.
•   Not disturbing animal habitats.
•   Controlling deforestation

 

FACTORS WHICH HELPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES

• Human Resource.
• Technology.
• International Competition.
• Better working condition for worker's.
• Contribution from non-governmental organizations

 

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES

Balancing the need to use resources and also conserve them for the future is called sustainable development.

Development of the resources should be done without damaging the environment and the needs of present generation should not be compromised with those of the future generations, this is known as sustainable development.

 

Some Principles of Sustainable Development: -

1.      Respect and care for all forms of life.

2.      Improve the quality of human life.

3.      Conserve the earth's vitality and diversity.

4.      Minimise the depletion of natural resources.

5.      Change personal attitude and practices toward the environment.

6.      Enable communities to care for their own environment.

 

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